Predictive fault-tolerant control of an all-thruster satellite in 6-DOF motion via neural network model updating

The problem of controlling an all-thruster spacecraft in the coupled translational-rotational motion in presence of actuators fault and/or failure is investigated in this paper. The nonlinear model predictive control approach is used because of its ability to predict the future behavior of the system. The fault/failure of the thrusters changes the mapping between the commanded forces to the thrusters and actual force/torque generated by the thruster system. Thus, the basic six degree-of-freedom kinetic equations are separated from this mapping and a set of neural networks are trained off-line to learn the kinetic equations. Then, two neural networks are attached to these trained networks in order to learn the thruster commands to force/torque mappings on-line. Different off-nominal conditions are modeled so that neural networks can detect any failure and fault, including scale factor and misalignment of thrusters. A simple model of the spacecraft relative motion is used in MPC to decrease the computational burden. However, a precise model by the means of orbit propagation including different types of perturbation is utilized to evaluate the usefulness of the proposed approach in actual conditions. The numerical simulation shows that this method can successfully control the all-thruster spacecraft with ON-OFF thrusters in different combinations of thruster fault and/or failure.     

2021 Turkey mega forest Fires: Biodiversity measurements of the IUCN Red List wildlife mammals in Sentinel-2 based burned areas

Mega wildfires are one of the environmental disasters worldwide. This study evaluates the pre-fire species diversity and the indirect effects, including habitat loss for one of the largest wildfires in Manavgat (Antalya-Turkey) in 2021, with a two-step methodology. Here, (1) burnt areas in the Manavgat district (2021) were detected with remote sensing data from Sentinel-2A by delta Normalized Burn Ratio calculation for a selected area in Google Earth Engine, and (2) mammals' habitat vector data of International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List were integrated into Habitat and Biodiversity modelling of Terrset to analyze the alpha, beta, gamma diversity and Range Restriction Index for the wildfire region. In the total 4210 km² study area, 696 km² of the area was damaged by different fire severity; also, there were 56 mammal species' habitats here. These species include bats (i.e. Nyctalus leisleri), felids (i.e. Felis chaus), rodents (i.e. Rattus norvegicus) and large mammals (i.e. Ursus arctos). 88 % of these species are in IUCN's Least Concern category. The remaining classes are Near Threatened (3.7 %) and Vulnerable (7.4 %). This study also indicated that the burnt area's species richness does not totally consist of endemic species. Therefore, pre-fire species richness analyses of this study can be a base for further studies about the species' post-fire activity and occupancy.Furthermore, the 2021 mega wildfires show us the necessity of wildfire monitoring and risk studies in the entire Mediterranean ecosystem to evaluate the risks to the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, post-fire spatial data, fire migration monitorization, and recording of the species' activities should be performed temporally. In this way, the ability of wildlife's recovering, and the direct and indirect effects of the fire will be examined for ecosystems in the long term.     

流场可压缩性对涡相互作用影响的数值研究

涡相互作用作为冲压发动机喷注装置的典型抽象流动现象,研究其可压缩性影响对于认识包含化学反应的真实燃料喷射场具有一定基础理论价值。基于经过数值验证的可压缩Navier-Stokes算法与压力泊松方程初始条件设置方法研究流场可压缩性对涡相互作用演化过程的影响。结果表明,以较高涡旋马赫数表征的可压缩性在改变涡对形态的同时,具有延缓涡旋相互靠近,迟滞融合进程的作用。关于涡对系统开始融合的临界条件,可压缩相互作用开始的临界展弦比与无量纲时间相比于低速涡对明显提高。为在无量纲时间意义下统一不同马赫数涡对相互作用的进程,从涡心密度随时间变化规律出发在不可压涡对特征时间的基础上,初步构建了考虑可压缩性的时间尺度修正关系。     

蜂窝夹层板撞击实验数据中的野值判别

基于超高速撞击物理实验数据对蜂窝夹层板撞击极限方程进行修正是获得高可信度新方程的一种常用方法,为了提高物理实验数据的可靠性,以国外131个碳纤维复合材料(CFRP)面板的蜂窝夹层板实验数据为对象,进行野值判别方法研究,发现该批数据中存在1个野值。将该野值剔除并基于剩余的130个数据重新进行方程修正后,新方程的总体预测率和安全预测率分别达到82.3%和93.1%,其绝对误差平方和、相对误差平方和分别为0.010、0.506,相对于剔除野值前的修正方程有所改善,表明实验数据野值判别方法可行、有效。为考核方法的适用性,对铝合金面板的蜂窝夹层板的实验数据也进行野值判别分析,结果显示该方法可合理识别野值。     

一种地月转移轨道中途修正的制导算法

针对地月转移轨道中途修正问题，提出了一种求解修正速度增量的制导算法。该算法由初值设计和精确解求解两部分组成。首先，利用伪状态理论，通过简单迭代设计中途修正的初值，并通过Vinti预报方法修正了地球扁率的影响。然后，在求解精确解时，提出了一种基于伪状态理论的状态转移矩阵解析算法。该算法通过设计高精度的初值，降低了求解地月转移轨道中途修正问题的难度，而且避免了传统数值方法计算状态转移矩阵的复杂性。数值仿真结果表明，该算法可有效求解中途修正问题。     

惯导系统旋转机构轴承动力学建模方法研究

旋转机构是旋转调制捷联惯导系统的关键部件之一。为了精确模拟旋转机构的动力学特性,研究了支撑旋转轴系的双列球轴承的动力学建模方法,提出了使用Bushing单元来建立同时具有径向移动刚度、轴向移动刚度和径向角刚度的三向刚度轴承动力学模型的方法。利用有限元数值仿真方法计算了三向刚度数值,并利用轴承手册上的经验公式进行了验证。在此基础上,建立了含弹性轴承支撑的旋转调制捷联惯导系统旋转机构的结构动力学有限元模型,分析比较了轴承有无角刚度两种状态下的固有模态。分析结果表明:对于旋转调制捷联惯导系统旋转机构来说,轴承模型角刚度对计算精度的影响较大,角刚度已知的模型更接近真实情况。     

基于室内无线模型的穿墙损耗校正

K-M（Keenan-Motley）模型将单墙固定损耗值相加来计算室内无线信号穿透多墙的总损耗值，存在较大误差。针对该问题选取多种室内场景分别进行连续波（Continuous Wave，CW）测试，对无线信号穿墙损耗的影响因素和变化规律进行分析，提出了一种基于人工神经网络的室内无线模型穿墙损耗校正方法，对预处理后的测试数据进行训练并建立预测模型。经验证该预测模型符合校正判别准则，在实际场景下具有良好的预测准确度。     

基于新型降阶模型的网格加筋圆柱壳频率分析

针对网格加筋圆柱壳频率分析计算量大的问题,提出一种基于多项式及梁单元形函数的模型降阶方法,即运用多项式及梁单元形函数将复杂结构有限元的节点位移转化为主节点位移,实现模型降阶。并通过控制多项式阶数及梁单元个数来调整降阶模型的分析精度,而降阶模型的计算效率较精细模型有显著提高。以网格加筋圆柱壳为例,对比本文提出的模型降阶方法与3-D实体模型及其他模型降阶方法的频率分析结果,结果表明,提出的模型降阶方法不仅能捕捉到结构的整体模态,还能反映出结构部分局部模态,适用范围广,能够为工程结构设计提供简单有效的计算模型。     

基于双摄像机的立体视觉图像预处理研究

针对立体图像对的亮度差异问题和图像噪声问题研究图像的强化处理,图像预处理主要完成图像对极线校正和图像质量增强.极线校正部分以对极几何为基础研究立体图像对的校正算法.图像质量增强部分主要研究了立体图像对特有的亮度差异问题,并提出了应用直方图均衡化来校正亮度的方法.之后本文对图像噪声进行了深入的分析,并针对立体图像特点使用均值滤波和Gauss滤波平滑图像.在实验中,验证了算法的可行性,取得了良好的应用效果.     

大型上单翼飞机机翼三维全场变形测量方案

针对大型上单翼飞机在飞行过程中机翼大挠度变形检测难题,提出了大倾角相机视场下机翼的非接触三维全场变形测量方案。根据上单翼飞机结构特点,将预先标定内参数和相机外参数的共轭相机组安装于飞机垂直尾翼上,采集飞行中的机翼变形图像。首先,提出了大倾角弱相关散斑匹配方法,解决了相机在大倾斜角度状态下采集到的机翼变形弱相关图像相关性差,难以相关匹配的问题。其次,由于测量相机安装于垂直尾翼,飞行测量过程中相机会受到气流扰动产生振动,本文提出了一种相机动态校正方法,通过在机背布置预拉伸刚性不动编码标志点,实时解算基准相机的绝对外参数,进而确定共轭相机的绝对外参数,实现所有测量相机外参数的动态校正。最后,开发了机翼变形全场测量软硬件系统,搭建了缩小比例机翼模型试验台并进行了仿真测量,对系统测量精度进行了比对分析。测量结果验证了本方案的有效性、可行性,对实机测量有一定的指导意义。